Here’s an old bit from a stand-up comic’s act: “Some say the glass is half empty. Some say it is half full. I say it’s twice as big as it needs to be.” This is a story of glasses, not nearly empty, not quite full. Except that the glasses are the children of divorce–a million new ones each year in the U.S.–and what’s being measured is their misery. For decades, since a pioneering study by Judith S. Wallerstein in 1971, sociologists and family-health specialists have posited that the wrenching act of divorce and its aftermath leave scars that can linger–in the afflicted children, throughout adolescence and into adulthood. This theory, buttressed by Wallerstein’s 2000 best seller, The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study, helped explain so many ills–depression, juvenile delinquency, poor grades–even as it justified a flourishing victim-and-caregiver industry. Now a widely heralded study, published this week, indicates that the glass isn’t quite full but isn’t cracked either. In For Better or For Worse: Divorce Reconsidered , E. Mavis Hetherington, a psychology professor emeritus at the University of Virginia, and her co-author John Kelly declare that 75% to 80% of children of divorce are functioning well, with little long-term damage. The claims are sure to stir debate over the delicate, brutal decision to end a marriage. They have already riled other family researchers. Among the findings of the study, which tracked nearly 1,400 families and more than 2,500 children, some for three decades: –Within two years of their parents’ divorce, the vast majority of children “are beginning to function reasonably well again.” –Some women and girls “turned out to be more competent, able people than if they had stayed in unhappy family situations.” –70% of divorced parents are living happier lives than they did before divorce. “My book tries to give a more optimistic look than people like Judith Wallerstein have done,” Hetherington says. “A lot of the current work makes it sound as if you’ve given your kids a terminal disease when they go through a divorce. I am not pro-divorce. I think people should work harder on their marriages: support each other and weather the rough spots. And divorce is a painful experience. I’ve never seen a victimless divorce–where the mother, father or child didn’t suffer extreme distress when the family broke up. But 75% to 80% do recover.” Hetherington found that 25% of children from divorced families have serious social, emotional or psychological problems, as opposed to 10% of kids from intact families. That’s 2 1/2 times the risk–on its face, a stat worth worrying over. Hetherington acknowledges the gap between kids in nuclear and postnuclear families: “You can say, ‘Wow, that’s twice as big,’ as some clinicians like Wallerstein do. But what it also means is that 75% of kids are functioning within the normal range. People don’t focus on the resiliency of children.”
